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The Urban Administrative and Law Enforcement Bureau, commonly shortened to ''Chengguan'' (), is a local government agency that has been established in every city in Mainland China.〔http://english.rugao.gov.cn/news/Show.asp?ArticleID=1822〕 The agency is usually part of a city or municipality's Urban Management Bureau ().〔http://www.cgj.suzhou.gov.cn/english01.shtml〕 The agency is in charge with enforcement of urban management of the city. This includes local bylaws, city appearance bylaws, environment, sanitation, work safety, pollution control, health, and can involve enforcement in planning, greening, industry and commerce, environment protection, municipal affairs and water in large cities.〔 The bureau is sometimes translated in English as Urban Administrative Enforcement Bureau or Urban Management Enforcement Bureau. == History == The Urban Administrative and Law Enforcement Bureau was established in 2001/2002 for all major cities in mainland China to improve municipal governance as cities become more crowded and urban issues became more complex.〔Li, Xing. "(Services must be improved for better law enforcement )." (opinion) ''China Daily''. August 17, 2006. Retrieved on November 9, 2012.〕 The bureaus' officials are responsible for cracking down on unlicensed street vendors. According to the BBC, "Ever since the agency came into existence 10 years ago, there have been repeated criticism of them using excessive force. This para-police force, equipped with steel helmets and stab-proof vests, is often used by local officials as trouble shooters".〔(BBC ) article ''Killing sparks protests in China'' published 9 January 2008〕 In general the Chengguan serve as an official agency employed by cities across China "to tackle low-level crime." However, the agency is widely disliked by the Chinese due to their abuses of power. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「City Urban Administrative and Law Enforcement Bureau」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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